Feb 26, 2016 cement manufacture causes environmental impacts at all stages of the process. Cement production is the third ranking producer of anthropogenic manmade co 2 in the world after transport and energy generation. Environmental impact assessment of cement industry a short. The joint venture company, lafarge islam cement lic, is the borrower. Several factors must be taken into consideration when deciding on the suitability of the materials. Ii environmental protection in cement production 39 fig. Sustainability of the cement and concrete industries by tarun r. Environmental impact of cement industry environmental best practices for mena cement industry by salman zafar january 31, 2018 3. The size of the cement market has grown substantially over the last 10 years. Recent progress in green cement technology utilizing low.
The uk cement industry has agreed to reduce its primary energy consumption by 25. This study apprises the environmental impact of the clinker and portland cement production in iran, using life cycle impact assessment. Considering the significance of the cement industry with regard to energy consumption and environmental impacts, identifying and quantifying pollutants generated by cement production in china as well as determining their impacts and the potential for environmental improvement via an effective approach is highly necessary. Estimated world cement production and co2 emission in cement manufactures are shown in figure 2 and 3 respectively 2. Mar 17, 20 environmental impact assessment is a very exhaustive study that is required to be done to assess the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment. The firing process consumes significant quantities of fuel, usually coal or petroleum coke. This article specifically discusses the eia studies on cement industry. Cement production requires a great deal of energy for the hightemperature processing of limestone and other materials. Reducing the environmental impact of building materials. A major component of concrete is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete. To minimize environmental impact, therefore, we should try to reduce the quantity of concrete used in buildings, use alternative types of concrete with fly ash.
Aug 30, 2010 according to the epas report, quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from key industrial sectors in the united states, energyintensive iron and steel production generates more co 2 than cement 114 vs 83 mmt, respectively, but less than 50% of that steel is used for construction compared with 95% of cement, making constructionbased. Environmental impact assessment is a very exhaustive study that is required to be done to assess the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment. Environmental and social impacts of cement industries. Cement manufacture causes environmental impacts at all stages of the process. Each project should be carefully assessed to identify the key issues and an eia. Concrete offers the highest level of wholelife performance and the industry is continually striving to provide a net positive environmental impact throughout the lifetime of its products concrete. These areas include 1 the effects of the pavement color on the microclimate, 2 artificial lighting requirements of the pavements at night, 3 the effect of pavements on vehicle fuel consumption, 4 inclusion of waste and. Present status of production in that country, details of the environmental impact assessment of the cement industry like project description and need, pertinent institutional information, description of the affected area, cement manufacturing process, impact. These include the chemical composition of the final product cement as well as the environmental impact of the cement production process. Wherever possible, we tend to give reasons as to why a particular cement type is more suitable for a given purpose than other types. Cement is a vital commodity for the world, and its usage levels reflect the economic importance.
The environmental impact of concrete, its manufacture and applications, are complex. Summary environmental impact assessment lafarge islam. Description of the proposed industrial development 6 b. Carib cement is the sole manufacturer of cement in jamaica and was the sole supplier until as recently as 1999. Local environmental impacts heidelbergcement group. Furthermore, obsolete or outdated production facilitiesmethods have also contributed to an increased environmental impact of cement production 45 6. But cement production is very energy intensivecement is among the most energyintensive materials used in the construction industry and a major contributor to co 2 in the atmosphere. Sustainability of the cement and concrete industries by.
This part of the project included the development of software for the analysis and presentation of lca data of cement. The heating process, which takes place in a large kiln, can be fueled by various materials, including fossil fuels like. The amount of cement production and consumption per capita in iran is shown in figure 1. Environmental and exergetic impacts of cement production. In this study, a cradletogate life cycle assessment was carried out for four typical cement factories in china. The proposed expansion will take place within the footprint of the existing plant.
Unitbased co2 emission in cement manufactures the most serious problem with cement industry is that it is a major co2 emitter causing global warming. Silica, alumina, and iron are considered to be other raw materials. In return, the industry receives an 80% rebate from the climate change levy. Environmentally speaking, concrete countertops present a mixed bag of bad and good. Ruhunu cement plant a grinding and packing terminal been in commercial production since 1967 and clinker was supplied by. After coalpowered electricity, cement manufacture is the next biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, accounting for approximately 5% of annual anthropogenic global co2 production. Pollutants generated by cement production in china, their.
But the big production of cement also causes serious ecological environmental problems. The issues presented here are equally applicable in preparing a compliance action plan cap. Comparison of concrete and steel building frames from a life cycle. Present status of production in that country, details of the environmental impact assessment of the cement industry like project description and need, pertinent institutional information, description of the affected area, cement manufacturing process, impact prediction, impact assessment, impact mitigation measures. Environmental impact assessment of cement industrya. Portland cement, the principal hydraulic cement in use today, is not only one of the most energyintensive materials of construction but also is responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gases. Cement production in mena region has almost tripled during the last 15 years, mainly on account of high population growth rate, rapid. Use of cement and concrete a mixture of cement, aggregates, sand and water in large civic works can be traced back to antiquity. Parisest, laboratoire central des ponts et chaussees, 58 bd lefebvre, 75732 paris cedex 15, france.
Cement production also results in the release of a significant amount of solid waste materials and gaseous emissions. It describes the cement production process and its emission sources followed by overview of emissions and their environmental and health impacts. While the industry is fond of saying that cement is the glue which holds society. Over the years manufacturers have acknowledged that in order to maintain the longterm stability of the cement industry, it is important to reduce the environmental impact.
The production of cement involves the consumption of large quantities of raw materials, energy, and heat. The cement production process begins with the calcination of about 65% limestone calcium carbonate caco 3, 22% silica oxide sio 2, 6% aluminum oxide al 2 o 3, and 3% iron oxide fe 2 o 3 at a temperature of 1450c. Case studies of the cement production plants in finland, sweden and norway. Environmental implications of concrete countertops. Environmental impact of portland cement production request pdf. Eia studies include environmental, social and economic aspects. The cement sector is the third largest industrial source of pollution, emitting more than 500,000 tons per year of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of cement dust pollution from larfage cement wapco, ewekoro on physicochemical and microbiological properties of surrounding soil.
Pdf impacts of cement industry on environment an overview. The cement and concrete industries can make substantial contributions to sustainable developments by creating and adopting technologies that can reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Oct 12, 2007 we lost some decimal places when we said that cement production in china produced 540,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide last year. Reducing environmental impacts of cement and concrete. Portland cement is manufactured by heating limestone or chalk with clay in a rotary kiln to a high temperature about 1450c to produce hard nodules of clinker that are then ground with a little gypsum in a ball mill. The environmental impact of the cement manufacturing plan is classified by the bank as category a.
Resource productivity consideration stipulates the deduction of the utilization of portland cement while meeting the future demands for more concrete. The lime stone used for cement manufacturing contains 7590 % of caco 3 and remainder is mgco 3. Actually, the study of the different subsystems of the cement production section 3. Environmental impact assessment guidelines for cement. Cement manufacturing enforcement initiative us epa.
The cement and concrete industries could contribute to meeting the goals and objectives of the 1997 kyoto protocol 3. The manufacturing process of cement consists of mixing, drying and grinding of limestone, clay and silica. Feed materials are selected, comprehensively inspected and the material and energy is completely used. We reveal different types of cement products, their compositions, properties, and typical uses. Worldwide, cement production now accounts for more than 1. Request pdf environmental impact of cement production. For example, production of polyurethane places high demands on primary energy and water consumption, whilst sheeps wool could emit 98 per cent less co 2, if the wool is incinerated at endoflife. Cement manufacture is a considerable industrial activity in terms of its volumes and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental impact assessment of cement industrya short note. Environmental impact assessment eia study for cement manufacturing plants.
Development of the use of alternative fuels in the german cement industry fig. Environmental impact assessment guidelines for cement manufacturing plants february 2001. With each person consuming about 3 tons of cement annually, it is the second most used material on earth after water. The reductions are phased over a number of years table 2.
Making cement results in high levels of co 2 output. Environment impact analysis of four different cement. A major component of concrete is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete the cement industry is one of the main producers of carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas. Co2 can be emitted as byproduct from the use of fossil fuel, by combustion, landuse conversion and cement. Reducing the environmental impact of cement manufacture. Chapter 2 cement industry and environmental impacts. Cement types, composition, uses and advantages of nanocement. To achieve this objective, the performances of three cement. The results indicated that new suspension preheater nsp process and power plant were mainly. Table of contents technical eia guidance manual for cement industry september 2009 i table of contents 1. Currently, production of cement is in the region of 1. We first discuss cement production and special nomenclature used by cement industrialists in expressing the composition of their cement products. Atmospheric pollutantsin addition to addressing the issues of dust and noise, heidelbergcement faces a challenge in terms of the air pollutant emissions of the cement business line.
With development of the economic, china has been the largest cement production country in the world. Cement conservation to reduce environmental impact of concrete the conservation of cement is the first and most important step in decreasing both energy utilization and greenhouse gas emission. Comparison of concrete and asphalt roads from a life cycle perspective. A total of 12 billion tons of concrete, 1 or approximately 3 billion tons of cement, 2 are used around the world each year. Environmental impact assessment for sustainable cement. Soil samples were collected inside the cement plant and from fields located 100m, 300m, 500m and 1 km away from the cement plant. At the heart of the concrete initiatives efforts is a wholelife performance approach. These include emissions of airborne pollution in the form of dust and gases. Environmental impact assessment eia for assessors cement cement is a basic material for building and civil engineering construction.
We lost some decimal places when we said that cement production in china produced 540,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide last year. The cement sector is the third largest industrial source of pollution, emitting more than. Each project should be carefully assessed to identify the key issues and an eia to assess these, using these guidelines for assistance. While dust and noise are emitted from different points in the production process, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, and other air pollutants are mainly emitted from kilns. The main component of cement is clinker, which is produced from raw materials, such as limestone and clay. Ii environmental protection in cement production ii. Limestone supplies caco 3 for the cement production. The project is financially viable with an internal rate of return irr of 16 and a. A comparison of six environmental impacts of portland cement. A comparison of six environmental impacts of portland.
The energyintensive manufacture of clinker the main component of cement is a major contributor to the. The cement sustainability initiative, representing more than 50 percent of the cement manufacturing capacity outside of china, has put out a great many documents, all of which avoid the central truth that cement can never be sustainably produced. These include emissions of airborne pollution in the form of dust and. Environmental impact of cement geos technologies geos. The major environmental impacts related with cement include energy required for manufacturing. Detail of the different processes and cement plant variability evaluation this study evaluates the. Environmental impact assessment of cement industry a. With every ton of cement produced, almost a ton of co2 is emitted 6. Cement is a fine gray powder used in the production of concrete and mortar. Page 4 the impact of cement kilns on the environment consuming about ten times more energy than the average required by industry in general. This report details the way in which the cement industry currently produces cement and outlines the reasons why it needs to be changed in order for it to have a lower less damaging effect on the environment as possible.
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